The Book Thief

Guten morgen (good morning): Good morning! This book review will be quite different from the ones I usually write. I choose a few German words which were spread across this book that caught my eye and I wrote what each one of these words made me think about or feel towards this book.

Saumensch (pig): Men. The atrocities men are capable of doing get to be almost unbelievable! Take this story for instance - and many other stories that became worldwide famous - all happened because men acted like pigs instead of rational human beings. What happened during the holocaust and is portrayed in this book makes you realize how men can steep so downward to act like animals hurting and inflicting pain, humiliation and rejection all for their own good. 

Arschloch (asshole): All of us. All of us human beings are assholes in one time or another in our lives. And yet without good enough reason to be one we still are. Like Liesel's mother: despite her loving her adoptive daughter (the main character in this book) she still knew how to be a complete asshole with her at many times - not to talk about with others - which was almost at all times. And so that is us, human nature. We know what we got to do yet we don't do it. We know that our actions will hurt someone deep inside and yet we act anyways, or sometimes just don't act which is being an asshole just as much. All that to say: we human beings are one sorry lot of assholes!!!
Saukerl (bastard; hog): The materialistic world we live in. We are never content with what we have - to the contrary - we always have to receive more, have more, get more - even if that means getting it from people who have so much less than what we do. What we have is never enough so we have to act like bastards and hog it from others so that we can fill ourselves. It's the sad truth.

 Zufriedenheit (contentment): Contentment comes by with us knowing how to appreciate the small little things in life. Liesel`s contentment came out of reading a good book and drinking in words that she made her own. Contentment was hers when she would sit by her adoptive father and listen to him play his acordeon and that was all she needed to be happy despite all her sad surroundings. 

 Verzeihung (forgiveness): It's what makes couples last for fifty year together, friends to stick together until their last days, family to love each other despite the craziest of occurrences - it's what proves that you truly love someone - that love is so big that you forgive despite all odds.

 Angst (fear): Sometimes fear is justified. Like in this story - there was no possible way that they could always be strong and fear none if what they feared was a power so great that could determine the end of your existence, the crushing of your body, the separating of your family. Other times fear is what holds you, bounds you down and doesn't let you be free enough to try different things and take risks so that you may fly to heights unknown.

Elend (misery): It's what every single character in this story goes through - including you, the reader who is holding the book steadfast in your hand. Misery is what Hitler brought down during the Second World War to millions of people. And you'd think that it was misery only on the Jews - well, this story makes you see that it's not quite so - from Jews to German, both rich and poor, of all walks of life, with all types of different lives were subjected to misery. Misery is one hopeless feeling. I'd rather feel anger, sadness, rejection, frustration and hate before having to feel misery. Because misery is synonymous to hopelessness - and when you are hopeless then you are surely helpless as well.
 Schweigen (silence): A lot of people relate silence with peace. Personally I don't really feel the same way. I would relate silence more with fear, respect, apprehension, anxiousness (the one that keeps you holding your breath), being uncomfortable, introspection, or ignoring something. All of these feelings are very real and tangible when reading this book - you receive a certain amount of each one of them while you leaf through the pages passing from the very first one until the very last. It's a book to be read alone, in silence so that you can experience all of the emotions it contains in its pages. 

 Nachtrauern (mourn): This book has a very sad ending. Everyone Liesel loves dies or leaves her and she ends mourning. Mourning for others. Mourning - it's what wars make everyone do. 

 Wort (word): The most dangerous and powerful weapon we posses. The power of words - how they can change your life for better or for worse. Words have built nations, moved dynasties, caused destruction and brought peace, traveled across the world and made the biggest changes ever known all throughout history. In this book everyone was moved by the power of words. It was what made all of Germany go against the Jews, made both young and old despise a whole nation and race - and it was also what calmed the whole crazy lot locked inside the cellar, what strengthened others when they could stand no longer, what soothed the storm welling inside so many people's hard interiors. Words, the power of words - and oh how we fail to realize that power!

 Gelegenheit (opportunity): This book is all about what happens to people when they have no more opportunities in life. When they are forced to face whatever comes their way without a chance to choose how to build the next years of their life. And even then when opportunity does come our way sometimes we fail to take it - or pass it on to someone else - in an act of loving kindness. Rudy had his opportunity but his father took it to save his son because he believed it was the right thing to do. Liesel had countless opportunities to kiss Rudy and show the love she had for him and yet she always refused those opportunities thinking there surely would be one more right around the corner like there always had been for the past many years. Well there never was. For me that was the saddest part in the whole story - the letting go of priceless opportunities.

 Bis morgen (until tomorrow): Until tomorrow where I will write my next post about the latest book I just read!

BOOK REVIEW:

The Book Thief is a novel by Australian author Markus Zusak.^[1] Narrated by Death, the book is set in Nazi Germany (a period when the narrator notes he was extremely busy.) It describes a young girl's (named Liesel Meminger) relationship with her foster parents, Hans and Rosa, and the other residents of their neighborhood, and a Jewish fist-fighter who hides in her home during the escalation of World War II. Published in 2005, it has won numerous awards and has been listed on the New York Times Children's Bestseller List for over 190 weeks.^[2]

The narrator of the book, Death, begins by introducing himself as a benign and sympathetic entity with a tendency to define moments by their color (for example a sky turned red after a bombing raid). Death describes his first encounter with a nine-year-old girl named Liesel Meminger in the late 1930’s in a graveyard shortly after the death of her younger brother on a train taking them to Molching, Germany, where their mother is to leave them with a foster family. It is revealed that the reason for the fostering is to distance the children from their parents’ past communist sympathies. The death of the boy forces Liesel and her mother to make a stopover for a burial. It is just after this tearful and unceremonious burial that Liesel steals her first book, The Grave Digger’s Handbook, after it is dropped in the snow by a gravedigger’s apprentice. Despite being uneducated for her age and unable to read the book, she keeps it as a final memento of her brother.[edit]

Plot summary

Death continues to narrate, but as a second-hand account of Liesel’s own writing from years later. Upon arriving at the home of her foster parents, Hans and Rosa Hubermann, Liesel finds it hard to adjust. She is haunted by nightmares about her mother and, most of all, her brother. It is through Hans Hubermann’s unfailing comfort throughout the middle of the night, every night, that the two come to share a bond. Noticing The Grave Digger’s Handbook tucked under Liesel’s mattress one night, Hans, who is a painter by trade and by this time is known to Liesel as “Papa”, decides to teach her to read and write.

Rosa Hubermann, whose personality is much coarser than Hans’, takes Liesel under her wing in her own way, by having her help with her job of washing and delivering laundry for other households. Shortly after the start of World War II, Rosa makes it Liesel’s job to pick up and deliver the laundry in the hopes that penny-pinched customers will feel guilty about telling a child that they cannot afford to enlist her mother’s services any longer.

For Christmas, Liesel is gifted two used books, paid for in cigarettes by Hans Hubermann. The Hubermanns have a son and a daughter of their own, both of whom are grown and live elsewhere, but visit at Christmas-time. Their son is a staunch Hitlerite and, after an intense argument with Hans about his failure to obtain membership in the Nazi party (due in most part to a much earlier incident in which he painted over anti-Semitic graffiti on a Jewish shopkeeper’s door), leaves angrily, but not before suggesting that Liesel should be reading Mein Kampf rather than the sort of books that the Hubermanns have given her.

Meanwhile, Liesel befriends a neighbour boy of the same age by the name of Rudy Steiner who often asks Liesel for kisses, only to be rejected each time. The pair eventually takes to stealing as an occasional pastime, usually fuelled by Rudy’s constant hunger. At a rally on Hitler’s birthday, April 20, 1940, during a public book burning, Liesel steals a book for a second time. The only witness is the mayor’s wife, who is also a customer of Rosa Hubermann’s.

When Hans Hubermann is contacted by Max Vandenburg, the son of a Jew who saved his life in the First World War, he takes his son’s advice and buys a copy of Mein Kampf. In it he hides the train tickets and forged documentation necessary to get Max to the Hubermann residence, arranging for him to arrive under cover of night. Max takes up residence in the Hubermanns’ basement, hidden underneath the steps by hanged sheets and stacked paint cans.

Having seen Liesel take the book at the rally, the mayor’s wife, Ilsa Hermann, eventually invites Liesel to read from the books in her extensive library. Doing so with each pick-up and delivery, Liesel eventually learns of Ilsa Hermann’s crippling self-pity over the death of her only son during the First World War. Liesel quickly befriends Max. For having kept watch over the fugitive Jew for many nights as he recovered from his wearisome journey to find the Hubermanns, Max writes a short illustrated story called The Standover Man for Liesel and gives it to her as a birthday gift. The title refers to the people in one’s life who will stay comfortingly at one’s bedside in times of need, just as Liesel did for Max and as Hans had done for Liesel.

So as not to appear hypocritical after urging townspeople to be as economical as possible in order to support the war effort, the mayor and his wife discontinue their use of Rosa Hubermann’s laundering services. As Ilsa Hermann gives Liesel a letter explaining that they will be doing their own washing from then on, she tells her that she is still free to read from her library at any time and gives her a book to take home with her. Knowing that this will exacerbate her family’s financial woes, Liesel reacts angrily, attacking Ilsa’s state of self-pity for her son’s death, informing her “it’s pathetic that you sit here shivering in your own house to suffer for it” as she throws the offered book back to the woman’s feet.

Liesel returns to the mayor’s home at a later date with Rudy and steals the book by climbing in through the window. A short time later, the pair encounter a group of older boys who have it out for Rudy and they throw Liesel’s stolen book into a river. Always seeking ways to earn a kiss, Rudy retrieves the book from the ice cold water.

Upon Winter’s arrival in 1942, Max falls gravely ill. Even more so than upon his first arrival at their home, Liesel keeps a relentless vigil over Max as he sleeps without waking for days stretching into weeks. Periodically she leaves small presents by his side – found trinkets, usually, such as ribbons, buttons and the like –and reads to him daily.

Max eventually wakes from his sickness and has no sooner gotten back to normal than the party sends a man without warning to check basements for suitability as bomb shelters. Max is miraculously able to hide in the basement right under the nose of the party man, who concludes that their basement is too shallow to serve as an adequate shelter.

The Hubermanns’ fortunes improve with the growing danger of air raids as Hans is employed to paint over windows so that bombers cannot see the lights on inside the homes. In the meantime, Liesel has continued to steal books from the Hermanns’ library and even food for Rudy from their kitchen. One day, they find that a book, a dictionary in fact, has been placed on the sill. Liesel steals it and as they are leaving, looks back and sees Ilsa Hermann as she stands behind the window and raises a hand to wave. Inside the dictionary, Liesel and Rudy discover a letter addressed to Liesel, informing her that the mayor’s wife has known all along that they have been stealing books and that she only hopes that Liesel will one day choose to knock on the front door rather than sneak through the window.

When the air raid sirens begin sounding with regularity, Liesel helps maintain calm in the designated shelter by reading to the others from one of her books. The Hubermanns’ next door neighbour, with whom Rosa has been feuding for years, proposes that Liesel read to her on a regular basis in exchange for her coffee ration; the deal is struck.

Two weeks later, a group of Jews are marched through Molching toward Dachau. As they are paraded through the town in front of a crowd of onlookers, Hans Hubermann takes pity on an enfeebled old Jewish man and steps forward to hand him a piece of bread. A soldier takes notice and whips both Hans and the elderly Jew.

Regretting his actions for the attention they will surely draw to them from the Nazis, Hans has Max leave for his own safety shortly after the incident. Before leaving, Max tells Liesel that he has left a gift for her that she will only receive when she is ready. With each day that passes without a visit from the Gestapo, however, Hans begins to regret sending Max away, believing he may have needlessly sent him away from a danger that wasn’t coming. When two “coat men” finally approach the Hubermanns’ house, Hans is relieved to think that he didn’t send him away for nothing. In fact, they have come to the wrong house, and proceed down the street to the Steiner residence. They are interested in taking Rudy to a special Nazi-run school based on his academic and athletic performance. His parents decline. The punishment that Hans Hubermann has been waiting for finally comes when he is conscripted for military service. Alex Steiner, Rudy’s father, is also drafted for having refused to send Rudy to the special school. They leave by train and that night Liesel wakes to discover Rosa Hubermann crying herself to sleep in the living room with Hans’ accordion clutched to her chest, a nightly occurrence from then on.

When another group of Jews is shepherded through Molching, Liesel and Rudy decide to run ahead of the pack, leave pieces of lying bread along the path, and hide in some nearby trees. Liesel compromises her hiding spot while trying to tell if Max is among the group, and is spotted after a soldier notices prisoners bending down to pick up pieces of bread. The children are chased through the woods but manage to get away.

Rosa, deciding that Liesel is ready for Max’s parting gift, reveals a bundle of papers, not unlike that on which The Standover Man was written, hidden within her mattress. During his stay with the Hubermanns, Max had used the scraps of paper as a sort of journal and sketchbook to pass the time. The journal is titled The Word Shaker, after its most significant entry, a short illustrated fable that serves as an allegory for Nazi Germany and the power of words.

Ignoring Ilsa Hermann’s suggestion to use the front door, Liesel returns with Rudy to the mayor’s home to steal again. This time she finds that a plate of staling cookies has been left on the desk, but is intercepted by Ilsa before she can make her escape. Liesel takes comfort in the realization that the age of the cookies indicate that the library belongs to Ilsa (had her husband used the room, he would surely not have left cookies to go stale on the desk) and not the mayor. She awkwardly reconciles with Frau Hermann and quickly takes her leave.

In early 1943, Liesel is greeted by a strange face when she makes her scheduled visit to read to her neighbour, Frau Holtzapfel. It is Holtzapfel’s son, returned from Stalingrad where he lost three fingers and a brother. After hearing the news of her second son’s death Frau Holtzapfel appears distant and depressed every time Liesel comes to read to her.

When a truck that Hans is riding in the back of loses control and rolls over, he suffers from a broken leg and is sent back from the Eastern Front. Before he arrives, however, Molching receives another air raid warning. All but Frau Holtzapfel, who is still under the hold of crippling depression, make their way to the bomb shelter. Her son, Liesel, and Rosa all try to convince her to proceed to the shelter, but to no avail. Before leaving for the shelter themselves, Liesel tells her that if she does not come, Liesel will stop reading to her and she will have lost her only friend. A short time after they arrive at the shelter, Frau Holtzapfel finally removes herself from her kitchen and joins them.

When the sirens signal that it is okay to leave the shelter, the townspeople’s attention is drawn to a bomber plane that has been downed on the banks of a nearby river. Rudy and Liesel are the first to arrive on the scene, where Rudy comforts the dying pilot. He places a teddy bear on the shoulder of the pilot, who thanks him with his dying breath.

Three months later, two more groups of Jews are marched through Molching and, like the last time, Liesel watches to see if Max is among them. She is unsure whether to hope that he is a part of the procession, in which case she at least knows that he is still alive, or that he is not, in which case he might still be free, or perhaps dead. Around the same time, Frau Holtzapfel’s only surviving son hangs himself one night from the rafters of a local laundry, devastating her further.

A month later, more Jews are paraded by and this time Max Vandenburg is among them. When Liesel runs in among the crowd of prisoners for a tearful reunion with her friend, they are finally pulled apart and each of them whipped by a soldier. Rudy runs to help Liesel and to get her off the street, but she breaks free and again runs toward the long line of Jews to find Max. Before she can do so, however, Rudy catches up to her and tackles her to the ground as Max is led away with the rest.

After keeping to herself for three days after the incident, Liesel finally tells Rudy everything about the Jew they’d been hiding in their basement after forcing him to promise that he would never tell anyone.

To cheer herself up, Liesel once more sneaks into the Hermann’s library, but instead becomes angry at what the power of words has done to Germany and tears up one of the books in frustration. Before leaving, she leaves an apologetic note of explanation for Ilsa Hermann, writing that she will no longer be returning there. Three days later, Ilsa arrives unexpectedly at Liesel’s home and gifts her with a small black book of lined pages for writing in, saying that she wrote well in the letter she’d left in the library.

Over many weeks, Liesel writes the story of her life since arriving on Himmel Street in the little black book while sitting in the basement where she had first learned to read with her foster father and had later read with Max. On the very night that she finishes her story with the line “I have hated the words and I have loved them, and I hope I have made them right”, Himmel Street is bombed without warning. Despite having earlier been dismissed as unsuitable for a bomb shelter, the Hubermanns’ shallow basement is the only thing that helps make Liesel the only survivor on the whole street of the bombing. She is liberated from the rubble by the rescue squad and is distraught by the scene of destruction all around her. She finds Rudy first, and after tearfully trying to revive his lifeless body, at last gives him the kiss he’d always asked her for.

Next she finds the bodies of Hans and Rosa Hubermann and cries by their side until she is finally taken away by the emergency responders. Liesel’s little black book of reminiscences, titled The Book Thief, is picked up from the rubble and mistaken for trash. Death picks it up off the back of a garbage truck as he passes with the souls of the residents of Himmel Street in hand. Shortly after the bombing, Liesel is adopted by Ilsa Hermann and her husband, the mayor and Alex Steiner returns from his military service and laments, “if only I’d let Rudy go to that school”. Rudy’s father reopens his tailoring business and Liesel passes the time by helping him in the store. After the war, Max is liberated from Dachau and returns to find Liesel at the store, where they share an emotional reunion.

Many years later, Death comes for Liesel in Sydney, and reveals to her that he has carried her little black book, The Book Thief, with him for all these years. Astonished, she asks, “could you understand it?”, to which he simply replies, “I am haunted by humans.” ^[3]

]Main characters

• Liesel Meminger: An adopted girl with blond hair that "was a close enough brand of German blonde" and dark brown eyes on the verge of adolescence and the protagonist of the story. She is fostered by the Hubermanns when her father "abandons" their family and her mother is forced to give her up for adoption. Her younger brother, Werner, dies on the way to the Hubermann household. She is very close to her foster father, Hans Hubermann, and has a rough but loving relationship with her foster mother, Rosa. She befriends Max, the Jew whom the Hubermanns are hiding, as well as the mayor's wife, who allows Liesel to read, borrow, and "steal" books from her home library. She also befriends the other children of Himmel Street, among them Rudy Steiner, who becomes her best friend. Despite her many refusals to Rudy's requests for a kiss, her love for him is clear, as seen by the lustful nature of some of her fantasies of him. Liesel finally grants Rudy's much-awaited kiss as he lies dead among the ruins of Himmel Street. In the last few chapters, it is mentioned that Liesel eventually married and had several children and grandchildren.

• Hans Hubermann: Liesel's foster father, who works as a painter. He also has an addiction to smoking cigarettes. Originally he served in the German army during World War I. During the War, Hans is the only survivor of his company because he is chosen to stay behind while the other soldiers are sent off on a mission where all of them die. In the Holocaust era, he does not agree with the Nazi party, but is forced to join, and is, upon being accepted into the Nazi party, drafted into the German army in order to protect his livelihood and his family. He is described as having silvery-grey eyes and being very tall, although despite this he is described as being very capable of blending in with the crowd. He was taught the piano accordion by Max's father Erik Vandenburg, a friend from the army (who saved Hans' life), and he occasionally performs in pubs to make extra money. He becomes very close to Liesel, as he calms her after her nightmares of her brother dying, and teaches her to read. However, he has a falling-out with his actual son, Hans Jr., because of his son's support of the Nazis. Hans Hubermann is killed in the Himmel Street bombing.

• Rosa Hubermann: Liesel's foul-mouthed foster mother. She is very short, with an extremely wrinkled face, and has browny-grey 'elastic' hair often tied up in a bun, and 'chlorinated' eyes. To supplement the household income, she does washing and ironing for five of the wealthier households in Molching, however, as the war causes economic problems, she loses her jobs one by one, the last being at the Hermann household. She has a quick temper, rules the household with an iron fist, and is known for straightening out previous foster children; however, though she often swears at Liesel, she cares very much for her. She has two children of her own, Trudy and Hans Jr. Rosa is killed in the Himmel Street bombing.

• Rudy Steiner: Liesel's neighbour and love interest. He is eight months older than Liesel and is described as having bony legs, sharp teeth, blue eyes, and lemon-colored hair. Despite being the German ideal (blond hair and blue eyes), he does not support the Nazis. As part of a household with six children, Rudy is permanently hungry. He is known throughout the neighborhood due to the "Jesse Owens incident" in which he painted himself with charcoal one night and ran one hundred meters at the local sporting field. He is academically and athletically gifted, which attracts the attention of the Nazi Party, who come to recruit him, and when he doesn't come, they take his father, Alex Steiner. He also gets into trouble at the Hitler Youth due to his smart mouth, rebellious nature, and vindictive group leader. Rudy becomes Liesel's best friend, often accompanying her on her adventures and talking her through her problems. He also teases her, regularly (though always unsuccessfully) asking her for a kiss mostly after he has helped her to accomplish something - for instance when one of Liesel's books (and most prized possession) is thrown into a river, he, being Rudy, rescues it. Rudy is killed in the Himmel Street bombing; Liesel finally grants him a kiss as he lies dead in the street.

• Max Vandenburg: A Jewish fist-fighter whom the Hubermanns stow away in their home. He is described as having feather-like hair and swampy brown eyes. Max finds Hans Hubermann and convinces him to shelter him because of Hans' friendship with Max's father. Max befriends Liesel due to their shared affinity for nightmares and words, and he writes two books for her and presents her with a sketchbook that contains his life story. He is taken away by the German Gestapo to a concentration camp, but manages to return to Molching after the war and is united with Liesel at the end of the novel.

• Tommy Müller: A friend of Rudy Steiner and Liesel. He has a hearing problem, due to being stranded in the snow. This caused him to have multiple ear surgeries. One failed, causing nerve damage that makes him twitch. As a result, he is frequently made fun of by his classmates and later punished by the head of the Hitler Youth when he is unable to obey commands promptly. Tommy is killed in the Himmel Street bombing.

• Ilsa Hermann: The wife of the mayor of Molching. They had a son, Johannes Hermann, who was killed in Russia. Rosa and Liesel do their washing and ironing for a time; eventually the bad economy forces the Hermanns to fire them, which causes an argument with Liesel. However, despite this, Ilsa allows Liesel to continue visiting and read books in the large library in her home. Ilsa fosters Liesel after she survives the Himmel Street bombing.

• Frau Holtzapfel: A neighbor of the Hubermanns. Originally she is an object of Rosa's hatred because she always spits on the Hubermann's door because of an old feud between the families that both sides have forgotten the reason for. However, eventually, she asks Liesel to read to her after she heard her read one of her books, stopping her spitting and giving the Hubermanns her coffee rations in return. Of her two sons, Robert died on the battlefield while his elder brother Michael committed suicide a few months later because of his guilt at "wanting to live." Frau Holtzapfel is killed in the Himmel Street bombing.

• Death: The narrator of the book throughout the story. Death is sympathetic to mankind and dislikes all of the despair and destruction brought upon humans by war, which is different from a belief that Death is friends with War. He comments on the thoughts, morals, and actions of humanity throughout the story while keeping a close eye on Liesel, even though at the beginning of the story he states that it was stupid for him to follow her. At the end of the book, he takes Liesel's story and carries it with him everywhere. He frequently likes to describe the colours of things, and has sympathy with the humans whose souls he carries, as revealed in the book's final line, "I am haunted by humans". He does not seem to have any control over life and death, frequently calling upon God with 'I don't understand' and answering himself with 'but it's not your job to'. Death says that he has a 'circular' heartbeat, making him immortal, though he says that he looks like a human, and acts like a human most of the time. He is tired of his job and wants a vacation, but cannot take one because there would be nobody to replace him. While many people find Death devastating, Death is, in many ways, funny and sarcastic.

Main themes

• The value of words: Liesel learns that words cause destruction and the peace in this world. When Liesel's foster mother gives her Max's second book (the Word Shaker) this theme is greatly noticed